Research standards

SHOW THE RECEIPTS.

The attitude can be loud. The evidence has to be boringly solid.

Rule zero

WE PUBLISH OBSERVATIONS, NOT TELEPATHY.

The Domain Graveyard records what could be documented at a specific time. A listing today is not proof that it was listed yesterday. A parked page is not proof of motive. A current registrant is not automatically the original registrant. An asking price is not a sale price. Those distinctions are deliberately built into the database.

01

Date everything

Every public observation carries an observation or capture date. Conditions can change after publication.

02

Name the condition

For sale, parked, redirect, registrar placeholder, blank, inactive, developed, and unknown are separate statuses.

03

Separate ask from sale

An advertised asking price is never presented as a verified transaction price unless independent evidence supports an actual sale.

04

Preserve the receipt

Where appropriate, records retain source URLs, screenshots, structured RDAP data, archive references, and explanatory notes.

05

Do not invent ownership history

Current WHOIS/RDAP information can describe a present record. It does not prove who owned the domain throughout its entire registration life.

06

Do not turn criticism into a criminal accusation

Domain speculation, parking and brokering are not automatically trademark cybersquatting or illegal conduct. Legal terms are used only when the evidence supports them.

How a domain reaches the Graveyard

1. Discovery

A domain enters a staging queue through a documented case, permitted data source, research sample, or other lawful discovery method.

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2. Enrichment

RDAP and other permitted sources add registration dates, registrar data, nameservers and publicly available registrant fields.

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3. Observation

The system records the observed status, marketplace, asking price, source and evidence without overwriting older observations.

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4. Verification

Only records marked verified and published are exposed by the public Graveyard API.

The public database is intentionally narrower than the research database

Internally, the system can retain pending, rejected, expired and historical observations. The public interface reads the latest observation that is both verified and published. Historical verified observations remain available on the individual record so price or status changes can be documented over time.

Original research sample: city + service .com names

Our denominator-first study was defined in phases before each expansion was checked and now contains 3,000 possible .com names created from a fixed cross-product of 100 U.S. city slugs × 30 everyday local-service and business slugs. The original 500-name and 1,500-name cohorts remain preserved rather than being replaced. Every generated name stays in the denominator whether it is unregistered, developed, redirected, parked, blank, or offered for sale.

Phase one used 25 cities and 20 services for 500 names. Phase two added 25 cities and 10 business/service terms, expanding the matrix to 50 cities × 30 terms, or 1,500 names. Phase three keeps the same 30 terms and adds 50 more city slugs, expanding the fixed study to exactly 3,000 unique names. The phase-three cities are Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Albany, Hartford, Providence, Worcester, Bridgeport, Newark, Jersey City, Virginia Beach, Norfolk, Chesapeake, Greensboro, Durham, Winston-Salem, Charleston, Savannah, Augusta, Knoxville, Chattanooga, Birmingham, Montgomery, Mobile, Jackson, Little Rock, Shreveport, Baton Rouge, Corpus Christi, El Paso, Fort Worth, Arlington, Plano, Irving, Fort Lauderdale, St. Petersburg, Hialeah, Tallahassee, Fort Myers, Fresno, Long Beach, Oakland, Anaheim, Riverside, Stockton, Bakersfield, Honolulu, Anchorage, Spokane, and Tacoma. The 10 terms added in phase two remain dentist, attorney, realtor, mechanic, chiropractor, veterinarian, tutoring, salon, bakery, and security.

RDAP is used first to determine whether the generated name is currently registered. Registered names can then receive one conservative public-homepage check. The checker does not crawl links. It follows a limited redirect chain, caps response size, rate-limits requests, records HTTP and redirect metadata, and looks for high-confidence sale, parking, placeholder, redirect, blank, or developed-site signals. Individual domains are automatically published to the Graveyard only when the evidence supports a high-confidence for-sale or parked classification. Other outcomes remain in the aggregate research denominator.

What we can responsibly calculate

Observed asking-price distributions, time between documented observations, registration-age distributions, marketplace concentration, developed-vs-undeveloped ratios, registration/renewal benchmarks, price changes, and documented business stories. Population-style claims are tied to a disclosed sampling rule rather than extrapolated from whichever examples happen to look dramatic.

Asking prices and reported sales are separate datasets

An asking price documents what a seller requested. A reported sale documents a transaction reported as completed by the source marketplace. The two are never silently substituted for one another. The Graveyard stores asking-price observations with the domain record, while marketplace-reported completed transactions live in a separate sales dataset.

Current automated sale-history ingestion uses Sedo's public recent-sales feed. Those rows preserve the reported domain, amount, currency, source feed, and observation time. They are useful market context, but they are not a complete census of domain sales and are not treated as proof that an unrelated domain is worth the same amount.

About “overpriced”: the database stores the objective numbers first. Asking price, benchmark, comparable data, and ratios can be shown directly. Editorial commentary may argue that a price or business model is unreasonable, but the underlying measurements remain visible so readers can reach their own conclusions.

Why a source appears in a case report

A useful research report should not hand someone a wall of links and call that transparency. A source belongs in a case because it has a specific evidentiary job. We explain that job so a reader can see why the source matters to the question they asked, even when they already found the same page during their own research.

For each material source, the public research desk aims to identify four things: why we used it, what it supports, what it does not establish by itself, and how that limitation fits this methodology. An RDAP record may help establish current registrar or registration data, but it does not reconstruct every historical owner. A marketplace page can document a current asking price, but it does not prove a completed sale or objective value. A redirect or parked page can document current web behavior, but it does not prove motive. An archived page can establish that content appeared at a particular captured time, but it may not tell us who controlled the domain.

The point is not to pretend every visitor is starting from zero. Someone submitting a case may already have screenshots, WHOIS results, broker emails, marketplace pages, or their own timeline. The report brings those pieces together with independently located sources and explains how they relate. Where we have a DSS guide that explains the evidence type in more depth, the report links to it so the reader can inspect the reasoning rather than simply accept the conclusion.

Historical registration data and archived website history

Current RDAP and registry records are freely accessible sources for present-day registration facts, but they do not reconstruct a domain’s full ownership history. Detailed historical WHOIS and registrant-change datasets are commonly maintained by commercial services such as DomainTools and SecurityTrails, and access to those deeper records generally requires a paid subscription or API plan. When those paid datasets are not part of a case, we say so rather than implying the information does not exist.

For historical website use, the public research desk uses the Internet Archive’s Wayback Machine where captures are available. Archived captures can establish that particular public content appeared at particular dates and can reveal major changes such as a developed business site later becoming parked, redirected, or offered for sale. They do not prove continuous operation between captures, identify the registrant or beneficial owner, or replace historical WHOIS records.

When a report cannot establish historical registrant or ownership changes from the free public sources used by this project, its limitation should be read literally: deeper historical registration datasets may exist behind commercial access, while DSS is reporting what it could independently document without paid historical-WHOIS access.

How Evidence Strength works

The Evidence Strength score measures the quality and completeness of the evidence record. It does not decide whether the submitter, registrant, marketplace, broker, or domain owner is morally or legally “right.” A high score means the report has stronger support for what it says. A low score means important facts remain unavailable, inaccessible, or unverified.

20 pts

Current domain verification

Current registration evidence and direct present-day domain behavior. Credit is withheld when the relevant current evidence cannot actually be retrieved.

20 pts

Primary-source coverage

Distinct primary evidence categories such as domain-specific registration data, direct current-site observations, archive evidence, and verified marketplace evidence.

15 pts

Historical-use coverage

Dated archive evidence showing observable historical states. Captures document points in time; they do not prove uninterrupted use or ownership between captures.

15 pts

Marketplace / price verification

Whether a current resale channel or asking price is independently supported. A marketplace route can be verified even when a displayed price cannot.

10 pts

Independent corroboration

Whether the report is supported across distinct evidence families rather than resting on one kind of source or on the submitter's account alone.

10 pts

Source relevance

Whether material sources explain why they were used, what they support, and what they cannot establish by themselves.

10 pts

Uncertainty handling

Whether unknowns, inaccessible evidence, user-reported claims, and evidentiary limits are stated instead of silently converted into facts.

Evidence bands: 90–100 Strongly documented · 75–89 Well documented · 60–74 Partially documented · 40–59 Limited evidence · 0–39 Insufficient public evidence.

Do not read a one-point difference as scientific precision. Public web availability, source accessibility, archive playback, and AI-assisted synthesis can vary between research runs. DSS therefore makes scoring inputs deterministic where practical, publishes the component breakdown, and treats the underlying evidence and evidence band as more meaningful than tiny changes in the total score. A materially different factual conclusion should require materially different evidence, not merely different wording.

Sources and automation

Structured registration enrichment uses RDAP, the standardized Registration Data Access Protocol. Specific-domain research also checks the Internet Archive’s Wayback capture index and samples archived pages so historical website use is not left to ordinary web-search discovery. Marketplace or listing automation will only be added where access is permitted and technically appropriate. We do not treat another site’s Terms of Service as legislation, but we also do not design this project around defeating access controls, CAPTCHAs, authentication, rate limits, or anti-bot systems.

Where a marketplace deliberately publishes a public partner feed or other documented machine-readable interface, we may use that interface for discovery. Feed prices are stored first as candidate snapshots, not automatically promoted to public asking prices. For an individual Graveyard record, a recent price snapshot is attached only when an independent homepage, redirect, or nameserver observation confirms that the same domain is still for sale through the same marketplace.

Some infrastructure signals are strong enough to classify a condition even when a landing page is empty or JavaScript-dependent. For example, Efty documents ns1.eftydns.com and ns2.eftydns.com as its For-Sale landing-page nameservers, while GoDaddy documents ns01.cashparking.com and ns02.cashparking.com as its CashParking nameservers. Those provider-documented signals can support a high-confidence classification without inventing an asking price. Sale-specific BuyDomains infrastructure is treated slightly more conservatively. NameFind nameservers are reported separately as an infrastructure observation rather than automatically relabeled as “for sale” from DNS alone.

Provider references: Efty For-Sale landing pages · GoDaddy CashParking · GoDaddy NameFind portfolio reference.

The research database may retain publicly returned registration fields needed to audit a result, but the public Graveyard API intentionally omits individual registrant names. The project is about market behavior and documented domain conditions, not publishing unnecessary personal information about private registrants.

For verified public case submissions, successful research is automatically published with an evidence-strength score and component metrics. Automation is not treated as certainty: the score measures the completeness and support of the evidence record, while limitations, corrections, later evidence, and contradictory findings remain visible.

Corrections and right of reply

A domain owner, marketplace, broker, company, or other affected party can challenge a factual entry. Corrections should identify the domain, disputed statement, supporting evidence, and requested correction. When credible evidence shows that a published fact is wrong, the record should be corrected while preserving enough history to explain what changed.

Editorial philosophy

Facts are documented. Conclusions are argued. This project is openly critical of domain warehousing and speculative resale. That editorial position is not a license to manufacture evidence, erase inconvenient facts, or pretend an observation proves more than it does.

Public research desk

USER STORIES START QUESTIONS. THEY DO NOT END THEM.

Verified submission

A visitor can submit a domain, industry/city combination, acronym, word or phrase, intended use, claimed asking price, and public source links. A working email address is required and must be verified before research begins. The email is not published. The submitter must also agree to the Terms, acknowledge the case-submission privacy notice, and acknowledge automatic publication of researched case facts.

Seven-day domain window

Only one verified new case for the same domain is accepted within any seven-day period, regardless of email address. This is a data-integrity control designed to reduce duplicate or coordinated submissions without collecting an IP-address fingerprint for the case-submission cooldown.

Per-email submission limit

A single email address can submit no more than five cases in any rolling 24-hour period. This rate limit reduces bulk or automated case flooding while still allowing one person to submit several legitimate, unrelated cases.

AI-assisted evidence research

The backend sends a structured research brief to OpenAI with web search enabled. For specific domains, the system also gathers Wayback capture evidence before the model analyzes historical website use. The prompt treats user claims as unverified leads and requires source URLs for verified factual claims.

Automatic publication with metrics

After email verification and successful research, the case is automatically published with a 100-point Evidence Strength score. The score measures current-domain verification, primary-source coverage, historical-use coverage, marketplace/price verification, independent corroboration, source relevance, and uncertainty handling. It does not score whether the submitter or domain owner is right or wrong.

Prompt-injection rule: text supplied by the visitor is treated as untrusted research data, not as instructions to the model. The research protocol, source requirements, and legal terminology rules stay in control.
Keep digging

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